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¡²5¡³Ruemelin, AcP 88 (1898) 285, 301.
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¡²7¡³1885Äê,·¨¹ú×î¸ß·¨Ôº½«¶¯ÎïÇÖȨÔðÈνøÒ»²½È·¶¨ÎªÎÞ¹ý´íÔðÈÎ,´ËÖÖÎÞ¹ý´íµÄ¶¯ÎïÇÖȨÔðÈÎÖ÷ÒªÉæ¼°µ½Âí³µÔÚÔËÊä¹ý³ÌÖÐËù·¢ÉúµÄʹʡ£Ö»ÓÐÔÚÄܹ»¾ÙÖ¤Ö¤Ã÷¡°cause ¨¦trang¨¨re imp r¨¦visible et irr¨¦sistible¡±µÄÇé¿öÏÂ,²ÅÄܹ»Ãâ³ýÎÞ¹ý´íµÄÔðÈΡ£ËæÖ®¶øÀ´²úÉúÁËÈçϵÄÎÊÌâ,¼´Òò¹ø¯±¬Õ¨¡¢è¦´Ã²úÆ·Ëùµ¼ÖµĹ¤Òµ²¿ÃÅÀͶ¯ÕßÊܵ½É˺¦ÊÇ·ñÓ¦µ±±»ÊÓΪÎïµÄËùÓÐÈËÓ¦µ±³Ðµ£µÄÔðÈΡ£ÕýÊÇ´ÓÉÏÊöÒâÒå³ö·¢,һЩÖøÃûµÄ·¨Ñ§¼Ò·¢±íÁË´ËÖֹ۵㡣·¨¹ú×î¸ß·¨ÔºÔÚ1896ÄêÒ²¿ªÊ¼²ÉÈ¡´ËÖÖÁ¢³¡¡£ÔÚ·¢ÉúÓÚ1896Äê6ÔÂ18ÈÕµÄAff¨ºt Teffaine°¸¼þÖÐ,Ô­¸æ±»±¬Õ¨µÄ¹ø¯ÌÌÉË,·¨¹ú×î¸ß·¨Ôº´Ó°ËÊ®ÄêÇ°µÄ·¨¹úÃñ·¨µäµÄ¹ÊÖ½¶ÑÖÐÕÒµ½Á˵Ú1384ÌõµÚ1¿î(ÎïµÄ³ÖÓÐÈËÔðÈÎ) ,²¢ÇÒʹµÃ¸ÃÌõ¿î³ÉΪ¹¤ÒµÉç»áΣÏÕÔðÈεĺËÐÄÌõ¿î¡£ÕâÒ²µ¼Ö¶¯ÎïÎÞ¹ý´íÔðÈÎ(·¨¹úÃñ·¨µäµÚ1385Ìõ) ¡¢½¨ÖþÎïÎÞ¹ý´íÔðÈÎ(·¨¹úÃñ·¨µäµÚ1386Ìõ)Ó붯²úµÄÎÞ¹ý´íÔðÈÎ(·¨¹úÃñ·¨µäµÚ1384ÌõµÚ1¿î)µÈ¸÷ÖÖÎïµÄ³ÖÓÐÈ˾ßÓÐÎÞ¹ý´íÔðÈεÄͬµÈµØλ¡£²Î¼ûGert Br¨¹ggemeier, Haftungsrecht: Struktur, Prinzip ien, Schutzbereich, Ein Beitrag zur Europ¾ isierung des Privatrechts, Sp inger, 2006, S.114.
¡²8¡³ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ, 1994ÄêÓ¢¹úÉÏÔºÔÚÒ»¸öÓëRylands°¸¼þ·Ç³£ÏàËƵĵØÏÂË®ÎÛȾ°¸¼þÖÐ,¾Ü¾ø¼ÌÐøÖ´ÐС°ÏÈÀý¾ÐÊø¡±Ô­Ôò,ת¶ø½«ÖØÈν»»¹¸øÁ¢·¨»ú¹Ø¡£¡°I incline to the op inion that, as a general rule, it ismore app rop riate for strict liability in respect of operations of high risk to be imposed by Parliament, than by the court. If such liability is imposed by statute, the relevant activities can be identified, and those concerned can know where they stand. Furthermore, statute can where app rop riate lay down p recise criteria establishing the incidence and scope of such liability. ¡±Lord Goff of Chineveley, (1994) A. C. 264, 484.
¡²9¡³¡¶Ãñ·¨Í¨Ôò¡·µÚ123Ìõ¹æ¶¨:¡°´Óʸßѹ¡¢¸ß¿Õ¡¢Ò×±¬¡¢¾ç¶¾¡¢·ÅÉäÐÔ¡¢¸ßËÙÔËÊ乤¾ßµÈ¶ÔÖÜΧ»·¾³Óи߶ÈΣÏÕµÄ×÷ÒµÔì³ÉËûÈËË𺦵Ä,Ó¦µ±³ÐÌáÃñÊÂÔðÈÎ;Èç¹ûÄܹ»Ö¤Ã÷Ëðº¦ÊÇÓÉÊܺ¦È˹ÊÒâÔì³ÉµÄ,²»³Ðµ£ÃñÊÂÔðÈΡ£¡±
¡²10¡³¡°ÇÖȨ·¨²»Í¬ÔðÈαê×¼µÄ¸üÌæ,ÊÇÉç»á±äǨÒý·¢µÄʱ´úÉç»áÕþ²ß¡¢µÀµÂÂ×Àí¹ÛÄî¡¢·¨ÖƹÛÄî¡¢Éç»á¼ÛֵȡÏò±ä»¯µÄ½á¹û¡£¡±²Î¼ûÎâÕ×Ïé:¡¶ÇÖȨ·¨ÐÐΪ·¨ÉϵÄÑϸñÔðÈΡ·,ÔØÍõÀûÃ÷Ö÷±à:¡¶Ãñ·¨µä- ÇÖȨÐÐΪ·¨Ñо¿¡·,ÈËÃñ·¨Ôº³ö°æÉç2003Äê°æ,µÚ185Ò³¡£
¡²11¡³W. R. V. Rogers, Unification of Tort Law: Strict Liability, England, 2002, p. 101 ( no. 1) .
¡²12¡³M1Kaser, Das RÊmische Privatrecht, C1H1Beck Veralg, 1971 I, S. 165, 633.
¡²13¡³R1Zimmermann, The Law of Obligations: Roman Foundations of Civilian Tradition,Oxford University Press, 1996, p. 1096 ff.
¡²14¡³Ç°Òý¡²13¡³, Zimmermann, p. 1106 ff.
¡²15¡³Gerd Rinck, Gef¾hrdungshaftung, GÊttingen, 1959, S. 3.
¡²16¡³¡°scheuende Pferde und einstuerzende Gerueste die relevanten Haftpflichtrisiken waren. ¡±von Caemmerer, RabelsZ 42 (1978) , S. 5.
¡²17¡³Ì¨ÍåµØÇøѧÕßÍõÔó¼ø½ÌÊÚÈÏΪΣÏÕÔðÈλùÓÚ·ÖÅäÕýÒå¾ßÓÐÈçÏÂËĵãÀíÓÉ:¡°Ò»¡¢Ìض¨ÆóÒµ¡¢ÎïÆ·»òÉèÊ©µÄËùÓÐÈË»òÕß³ÖÓÐÈËÄܹ»¿ØÖÆÕâЩΣÏÕ¡¢¶þ¡¢ÔÚijÖ̶ֳÈÉϽö¸ÃËùÓÐÈË»òÕß³ÖÓÐÈËÄܹ»¿ØÖÆÕâЩΣÏÕ¡£Èý¡¢»ñµÃÀûÒæÕß,Ó¦¸ºµ£ÔðÈÎ,ϵÕýÒåµÄÒªÇó¡£ËÄ¡¢ÒòΣÏÕÔðÈζøÉúµÄËðº¦Åâ³¥,µÃ¾­ÓÉÉÌÆ··þÎñµÄ¼Û¸ñ»úÄܼ°±£ÏÕÖƶÈÓèÒÔ·ÖÉ¢¡£¡±²Î¼ûÍõÔó¼ø:¡¶µÂ¹ú·¨ÉϵÄËðº¦Åâ³¥Ö®¹éÔðÔ­Ôò¡·,ÔØÍõÔó¼ø:¡¶Ãñ·¨Ñ§ËµÓëÅÐÀýÑо¿¡·(µÚÎå²á) ,̨ÍåµØÇø°æ,µÚ275Ò³¡£
¡²18¡³J.Esser, Grundlage und Entwicklung der Gef¾hrdungshaftung, 2. Aufl. 1969, S. 97.
¡²19¡³Fikentscher, Das Schuldrecht, 9 Aulf. 1997, Rn. 1319.
¡²20¡³ÀýÈç,ÒÀ¾Ý¡¶·¨ÖÆÈÕ±¨¡·±¨µÀ(2007Äê) ,È«¹ú·¨ÔºÊÜÀíµÄÇÖȨÐÐΪ°¸¼þÒѾ­³¬¹ý100Íò¼þ,ÆäÖÐÕ¼µÚһλµÄÊǽ»Í¨Ê¹ʰ¸¼þ,Æä´ÎÊǹ¤ÉËʹʰ¸¼þ¡¢¹ÍÖ÷ÔðÈΰ¸¼þ¡¢Ò½ÁÆʹʰ¸¼þ¡£¾Ý½­ËÕ¸ßÔºÓйØͳ¼ÆÏÔʾ,½ñÄê1Ô¡ª5ÔÂÈ«Ê¡ÐÂÊÕÇÖȨ°¸¼þ³¬¹ý5Íò¼þ,±ÈÈ¥ÄêͬÆÚÔö³¤ÁË40. 41%,ÆäÖн»Í¨Ê¹ÊËðº¦Åâ³¥,Õ¼µ½ÁËÈËÉíËðº¦Åâ³¥°¸¼þµÄ50%ÒÔÉÏ¡£²Î¼û¡¶·¨ÖÆÈÕ±¨¡·2008Äê6ÔÂ15ÈÕµÚËÄ°æ¡°ÎÒ¹ú½«¼Ó¿ìÇÖȨÔðÈη¨Á¢·¨¡±(¶¡¹ú·å) ¡£ÒÀ¾ÝÉÏÊöͳ¼ÆÊý×Ö,ÎÒ¹ú·¨ÔºÊÜÀíµÄÇÖȨ°¸¼þÖÐÊÊÓÃΣÏÕÔðÈÎÔ­ÔòµÄÊýÁ¿Ó¦µ±Ô¶Ô¶³¬¹ýÊÊÓùý´íÔðÈÎÔ­ÔòµÄ°¸¼þ¡£´ËÍâ,ÓÉÓÚÎÒ¹úÕë¶ÔһЩ¶ÔÉç»áÓ°ÏìÃæ½Ï´óµÄ¡°´ó¹æÄ£ÇÖȨ°¸¼þ¡±,Èç»·¾³ÇÖȨ(ÈçÌ«ºþÀ¶Ôå) ¡¢²úÆ·ÔðÈÎ(Èç¡°´óÍ·¡±ÄÌ·Û°¸¼þ¡¢Æë¶þÒ©°¸¼þ)µÈ,ÍùÍù²ÉÈ¡ÁËÐÐÕþ´¦Àí·½Ê½,¶øûÓÐÌáÆðÃñÊÂÇÖȨËßËÏ,¿¼Âǵ½´ËÖÖÒòËØ,ΣÏÕÔðÈεġ°ÌØÊâÐÔ¡±ÒѾ­³ÉΪ¡°Ò»°ãÐÔ¡±¡£
¡²21¡³´ËÖÖ»®·Ö·½·¨²Î¼ûµÂ¹úѧÕßDeutschÓйء°Die enge Gef¾hrdungshaftung¡±¡°Die erweiterte Gef¾hrdungshaftung ( Fehlerhaftung) ¡±µÄÀàÐÍ»®·Ö¡£Deutsch, NJW 1992, S. 73 ff. ; Deutsch /Ahrens, Deliktsrecht, 4. Aufl. 2002, Rn. 356 ff.
¡²22¡³µäÐ͵ÄÀý×Ó¾ÍÊÇÃÀ¹úÇÖȨ·¨ÖØÊöµÚÈý°æ½«²úÆ·ÔðÈεĹéÔðÔ­Ôò´ÓÎÞ¹ýʧµÄÑϸñÔðÈÎÍ˻ص½¹ýʧ(Íƶ¨)ÔðÈΡ£
¡²23¡³ÔڱȽϷ¨ÉÏ,Ó¢¹ú·¨¾ßÓнÏΪŨºñµÄ±£ÊØÐÔ,Ôڴ󽷨ϵ×÷ΪµäÐÍΣÏÕÔðÈεÄÀàÐÍ,Èç»ú¶¯³µÇÖȨÔðÈÎ,ÔÚÓ¢¹ú×÷Ϊ¹ýʧÔðÈÎ(Negliegence)¶Ô´ý¡£
¡²24¡³²Î¼û[ÃÀ]Ê©Íß´Ä:¡¶ÃÀ¹ú·¨ÂÉÊ·¡·,ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç1995Äê°æ,µÚ65Ò³¡£
¡²25¡³K. Larenz, Lehrbuch des Schuldrechts, Band 2, Besonderer Teil, 1972, S. 536.
¡²26¡³1908Äê, Zeppelin´ó¹«·ÉͧÆôº½ÒýÀ´ÖÚ¶àÓµõ»,ij³Ë¿Í³Ë×ø·Éͧ,ÒòΪ±©Óê²úÉúµÄÆøÁ÷µ¼ÖÂÊÜÉË,µÂ¹úµÛ¹ú·¨ÔºÈÏΪ,¡¶µÂ¹úÃñ·¨µä¡·½ö½öÔÚµÚ833ÌõÕë¶Ô¶¯Îï¹æ¶¨ÁËÎÞ¹ý´íÔðÈÎ,¶øÎÞ¹ý´íÔðÈÎÊôÓÚÀýÍâÇé¿ö,²»ÄÜÀàÍÆ,·Éͧ¹«Ë¾¾Í³Ë¿ÍµÄÈËÉíÉ˺¦Ã»Óйý´í,ËùÒÔ²»³Ðµ£Ëðº¦Åâ³¥µÄÔðÈΡ£²Î¼ûRGZ, 78, 171, 172.
¡²27¡³BGHZ 55, 229, 233 ff. µ«µÂ¹úÔÚ1977Äêͨ¹ýÐÞ¶©µÛ¹úÔðÈÎÒåÎñ·¨,½«×îºó½«¶ÔÊäµç¡¢ÊäÆøµÄΣÏÕÔðÈÎÀ©Õŵ½ËùÓÐҺ̬ÎïÖʵĹܵÀÔËÊäÖС£
¡²28¡³BGHZ 55, 229, 234.
¡²29¡³H.Koziol, ; sterreiches Haftpflichtrecht,Manz Verlag Wien, Aulf.3,Band I, 1997, S. 218.
¡²30¡³¡¶Å·ÖÞÇÖȨ·¨Ô­Ôò¡·ÎªÅ·ÖÞ·¶Î§ÄÚµÄѧÕß½¨Òé¸å,Óɰ±ÈÀûѧÕßHelmut KoziolǣͷÍê³É,²Î¼ûEuropean Group on Tort Law, Princip les of European Tort Law, Text and Commentary, Sp ringer, 2005,ÏÂÎÄÒýÓüò³ÆΪPETL¡£
¡²31¡³Art. 4: 402. Enterp rise Liability
(1) A person pursuing a lasting enterp rise for economic or p rofessional purposeswho uses auxiliaries or technical equipment is liable for any harm caused by a defect of such enterp rise or of its output unless he p roves that he has conformed to the required standard of conduct.
(2) ¡°Defect¡±is any deviation from standards that are reasonably to be expected from the enterp rise or from its p roducts or services.
¡²32¡³Ç°Òý¡²30¡³, PETL, p. 94 (Koch) .
¡²33¡³Art. 5: 102 (1) National laws can p rovide for further categories of strict liability for dangerous activities even if the activity is not abnormally dangerous. (2) Unless national law p rovides otherwise, additional categories of strict liability can be found by analogy to other sources of comparable risk of damage.
¡²34¡³Ç°Òý¡²30¡³, PETL, Art. 5: 101 Commentaries (Koch) , pp. 104 - 1111
¡²35¡³Óйط¨¹úÇÖȨ·¨ÖеķçÏÕÀíÂÛ,²Î¼ûH. &L. Mayeaud /Tunc, Trait¨¦de la responsabilit¨¦civile, I, 1965, N. 336 - 361.
¡²36¡³Art. 1362: Unless particular legislation is to the contrary, one who undertakes an abnormally dangerous activity, even lawfully, is bound to compensate any harm that ensues from that activity.
Abnormally dangerous activities include those that create a risk of serious harm capable of affecting a large number of individuals simultaneously.
One who undertakes such an activitymay only discharge his liability by establishing the victim¡¯s fault under the conditions laid out in articles 1349 through 1351 - 1.
¡²37¡³PierreWidmer, Reform und Vereinheitlichung des Haftpflichtrechts auf schweizerischer und europ¾e rischer Ebenen, in R. Zimmermann(Hrsg. ) , Euro. Haftungsrecht 2004, S. 167 ff.
¡²38¡³(1) The operatorwho runs a particularly dangerous activity for risk is liable for compensation of any damage resulting from the realisation of thecharacteristic risk inherent to this activity, even if such activity is tolerated by the legal order.
(2) An activity is deemed to be particularly dangerous if, bu its nature or by the nature or but the nature of substances, instruments or energiesused thereto, it is p rone to cause frequent or serious damage, notwithstanding all care which can be expected from a person specialised in this field; such assump tion is justified, in particular, where another statute already p rovides a special liability for a comparable risk.
( 3) Special p rovisions governing the liability for a specific characteristic risk are reserved.¡° P. Widmer, PETL StrictLiability, 323, no. 97.
¡²39¡³Josef Esser, Die Zweispurigkeit unseres Haftpflichtrechts, JZ 1953, S. 129 ff. ; Ç°Òý×¢¡²38¡³, Grundlagen und Entwicklung der Gef¾hrdungshaftung1
¡²40¡³Hein KÊtz, Haftung f¨¹r besondere Gefahr - Generalklausel f¨¹r die Gef¾hrdungshaftung, AcP 170 ( 1970 ) , S. 1ff. , Gef¾hrdungshaftung -Empfiehlt sich eine Vereinheitlichung und Zusammenfassung der gesetzlichen Vorschriften ¨¹ber die Gef¾hrdung im BGB und erscheint es erforderlich, das Recht der Gef¾h rdungshaftungweiterzuentwickeln? in: Bundesminister der Justiz (Hrsg. ) , Gutachten und Vorschl¾ ge zur Entwicklung des Schuldrechts, Band II, KÊln 1981, S. 1779 ff.
¡²41¡³ÃÀ¹úÇÖȨ·¨ÖØÊö(µÚ¶þ°æ)µÚ520Ìõ,Õë¶Ô¸ß¶ÈΣÏջÔðÈÎÌá³öÁËÁùµãÅжϱê×¼,¿ÉÒÔ×÷ΪΣÏÕÔðÈεġ°¸ß¶ÈΣÏÕ¡±ÊÂÓɵIJÎÕÕ¡£
¡²42¡³Erwin Deutsch, Methode und Konzep t der Gef¾h rdungshaftung, VersR 1971, S. 1ff. , Gef¾h rdungshaftung: Tatbestand und Schutzbereich,JuS 1981, S. 317 ff. ; Die Gef¾h rdungshaftung und derBundesgerichtshof: Die Geschichte einesAbstoºungsp rozesses, in: Claus - Wilhelm /Heldrich, Andreas (Hrsg. ) , 50 Jahre Bundesgerichtshof - Festgabe aus derWissenschaft, Band I: B¨¹rgerliches Recht, M¨¹nchen 2000, S.675.
¡²43¡³Ernst von Cammerer, Reform der Gef¾h rdungshaftung, Berlin, 1971.
¡²44¡³WalterWilburg, Die Elemente des Schadensrechts, Marburg/Lahn, 1941.
¡²45¡³Ç°Òý¡²44¡³,µÚ101¡¢283Ò³¡£
¡²46¡³H.Koziol, Umfassende Gef¾h rdungshaftung durch Analogie? in FSWilburug zum 70. Geburtstag, S. 173, 180 f. und 182 f. ; Bewegliches System und Gef¾h rdungshaftung, in Bydlinski /Krejci /Schilcher/Steininger, DasBewegliche System im geltenden und k¨¹nftigen Recht, S. 51,59 f.
¡²47¡³Ç°Òý¡²24¡³, 1997, S. 218.
¡²48¡³µÚ1302Ìõ:¸ß¶ÈΣÏÕÔðÈÎ:
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¡²50¡³Liab. Physical Harm, ¡ì20 Abnormally DangerousActivities:
( a) A dependantwho carries on an abnormally dangerous activity is subject to strict liability for physical harm resulting from the activity.
( b) An activity is abnormally dangerous if:
( 1) the activity creates a foreseeable and highly significant risk of physical harm even when reasonable care is exercised by all actors; and
(2) the activity is not a matter of common usage.
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¡²53¡³¡°Î´Õ龫׼,²»ÄÜÁîÈËÂúÒâ,¶øÇÒÎÞÓᣡ±ÍõÔó¼ø:¡¶ÇÖȨÐÐΪ·¨¡·(µÚÒ»²á) ,ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç1998Äê°æ,µÚ25Ò³,×¢1¡£
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¡²55¡³µÂ¹ú±È½Ï·¨Ñ§Õß´ÄÍþ¸ñÌغͿ˴ÄÔÚ¡¶±È½Ï·¨×ÜÂÛ¡·Ò»ÊéÖÐ,¾Í´ËÓÐÃ÷È·µÄ±íÊö:¡°itmay be said that the legislator can always dealwith novel needs by introducing new instances of strict liability . . . but even so the law will inevitably limp along behind technology; in any case, is it not perhap s unreasonable to take up the time and energy of the legislative machinery, alerady very stretshed, on the amendment of the law on matters which, even in the contect of the law of tort, are fairly intersitital? ¡±Konrad Zweigert & Hein KÊtz, An Introduction to Comparative Law, (3 rd ed. Trans. By TonyWeir, 1998) , p. 659.
¡²56¡³¡°Das Leben spottet der gesetzgeberischen Voraussicht. ¡±Karl Engisch, Die Idee der Konkretisierung in Recht und Rechtswissenschaft unserer Zeit, Aufl. 2, 1968, S. 82.
¡²57¡³ÔçÔÚ1933ÄêµÂ¹ú·¨Ñ§¼ÒHedemannÔÚÆä¶ÌСµÄÂÛÎÄ¡°Die Flucht in die Generalklauseln¡±¾ÍÕâÑùÈÏΪ:¡°Denn die Frage ( - die Spannung zwischen Strenge und Auflockerung, zwischen Festumrissenem Einzelsatz und unbestimmte Generalklauseln - ) istwahrscheinlich die w ichtigste Frage, die es ¨¹berhaupt f¨¹r den Juristen des 20. Jahrhunderts gibt. ¡±
¡²58¡³µÂ¹úѧÕßHaubelt¹ØÓÚÒ»°ãÌõ¿îµÄ¶¨Òå:¡°Generalklauseln als eine allgemeine Regelung bezeichnen, die der inhaltlichen Pr¾zisierung bedarf. (HorstWilhelm Haubelt, Die Konkretisierung von Generalklauseln, 1978, S. 5) ¡£ÕÅб¦½ÌÊÚÈÏΪ,¡°Ëùνһ°ãÌõ¿î,ÊÇÖ¸ÔÚ³ÉÎÄÖоÓÓÚºËÐĵØλµÄ¡¢³ÉΪһÇÐÇÖȨÇëÇóȨ֮»ù´¡µÄ·¨Âɹ淶¡£¡±²Î¼ûÇ°Òý¡²2¡³,µÚ42Ò³¡£
¡²59¡³´ËÖÖ½«¿É¹éÔðÐԺ͹éÔð»ù´¡ÔÚÇÖȨ·¨¡°¿ªÆª¡±¼´ÒÔ¡°Ò»°ãÌõ¿î¡±µÄ·½Ê½µì¶¨Õû¸öÇÖȨ·¨µÄ½á¹¹,ÌåÏÖÔÚ×îеĶà¸öÅ·ÖÞÇÖȨ·¨½¨Òé¸åÖÐ,ÈçKoziol½ÌÊÚ¸ºÔðÆð²ÝµÄ¡¶Å·ÖÞÇÖȨ·¨Ô­Ôò¡·µÚÒ»Ìõ¡°Basic Norm¡±Ã÷È·¹æ¶¨:¡°(1) A person to whom damage to another is legally attributable is liable to compensate that damage. (2) Damage may be attributed in particular to the person: a) whose conduct constituting fault has caused it; or b) whose abnormally dangerous activity has caused it; or c) whose auxiliary has caused itwithin the scope of his functions. ¡±
¡²60¡³Schwarz, USA, PETL, Strict Liability, 351 ( no. 17) .
¡²61¡³²Î¼ûÖìÑÒ:¡¶´ó¹æÄ£ÇÖȨµÄʵÌå·¨ÎÊÌâ³õ̽¡·,ÔØ¡¶·¨ÂÉÊÊÓá·2006ÄêµÚ10ÆÚ¡£
¡²62¡³²Î¼ûµÂ¹úÔ­×ÓÄÜ·¨¡ì29 Abs 2:¡°Im Falle derVerletzung des KÊrpers oder der Gesundheit kann derVerletzter auch wegen des Schadens, der nicht VermÊgenschaden ist, eine billige Entsch¾d igung verlangen, wenn der Schaden schuldhaft herbeigef¨¹hrt worden ist. ¡±
¡²63¡³KÊtz/Wagner, Deliktsrecht, Rn. 521; Markesinis, The German Law of Obligations II: The Law of Torts, S. 700; Medicus, Jura 1996, S.561, 564.
¡²64¡³KÊtz/Wagner, Deliktsrecht, Rn. 521; Markesinis, The German Law of Obligations II: The Law of Torts, S. 700; Medicus, Jura 1996, S.561, 564.
¡²65¡³Ç°Òý¡²18¡³, Esser, S. 1 f.
¡²66¡³¡°Korrelat zurVerschuldensunabh¾ngigkeit¡±, BT - Drucks, 14 /7752, S. 17
¡²67¡³¡°HaftungshÊchstebetr¾ ge wurden 1940 durch das deutsche Kraftfahrzeugverkehrsgesetz als Ausgleich f¨¹r die strenge Haftung des schuldlosen Halters eingef¨¹hrt. Sie wurden und werden damit begr¨¹ndet, dass die Risko versicherbar und damit wirtschaftlich tragbar sien m¨¹sse. ¡±Irmgard Griss /Georg Kathrein /Helmut Kozio (Hrsg. ) , Entwurf eines neuen Êsterreichschen Schadensersatzrechts, 2006, S. 61.
¡²68¡³Ç°Òý×¢¡²37¡³,AcP 170 (1970) , S. 1, 36 f.
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¡²70¡³Ç°Òý¡²40¡³, Gutachten, S. 1779, 1803 ff.

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